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Abstract
In aviation, navigation instruments play a vital role in ensuring flight safety, particularly during adverse weather and night operations. Among these, the Standby Horizon Gyro Indicator, also known as the Attitude Indicator, is critical for displaying aircraft pitch and roll relative to the horizon. Failures of this instrument can significantly compromise safety, making systematic analysis essential. This study investigates failures of the Standby Horizon Gyro Indicator on Cessna 172 Series aircraft using Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Data were obtained from field observations, pilot reports, and interviews with certified technicians at API Banyuwangi. The analysis identified five primary failure modes: Low Vacuum Indicator, Not Function, Toppled/Spin, Unbalanced Gyro, and Stuck. The Toppled/Spin condition was found to be the most critical, with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 126. FTA revealed root causes including vacuum pump aging, contaminated filters, inadequate knowledge, complacency, lack of supervisory cross-checks, and low safety awareness. Corrective actions involve replacing worn components, cleaning filters, and applying strict safety procedures, while preventive measures emphasize scheduled maintenance, double-check protocols, and periodic safety training. The findings highlight the importance of addressing both technical and human factors to enhance reliability, improve maintenance practices, and strengthen aviation safety culture.
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References
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- A. Rolnick and W. Bles, “Performance and well-being under tilting conditions: The effects of visual reference and artificial horizon,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 779–785, 1989.
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- NASA, NASA Fault Tree Handbook, 2002.
- W. Gunawan, T. Prasetyo, and P. Gautama, “Quality analysis of wiring harness products using Quality Control Circle (QCC) and 5W+1H methods at PT EDS Manufacturing Indonesia,” International Journal of Industry and Technology Integrated, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 16–34, 2023, doi: 10.47080/intent.v6i2.3003.
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References
M. Toepfer, Free Response and Trim Force Requirements for Aircraft Configuration Changes. Florida Institute of Technology, 2018.
A. Rolnick and W. Bles, “Performance and well-being under tilting conditions: The effects of visual reference and artificial horizon,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 779–785, 1989.
A. T. The et al., “Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual,” Dec. 2007.
A. Alijoyo, Q. B. Wijaya, and I. Jacob, “Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Risk Evaluation,” CRMS, p. 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: www.lspmks.co.id
V. Kartikasari and H. Romadhon, “Analysis of control and quality improvement of tuna canning process using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods: Case study at PT XXX East Java,” Jurnal Industrial View, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.26905/jiv.v1i1.2999.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2020.
D. S. H. Prayitno, Metopen Flights, 2023.
N. Djamal and R. Azizi, “Identification and improvement plan for the cause of production delay in melting process with the concept of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) at PT XYZ,” Jurnal Intech Teknik Industri, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 34–45, 2015.
NASA, NASA Fault Tree Handbook, 2002.
W. Gunawan, T. Prasetyo, and P. Gautama, “Quality analysis of wiring harness products using Quality Control Circle (QCC) and 5W+1H methods at PT EDS Manufacturing Indonesia,” International Journal of Industry and Technology Integrated, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 16–34, 2023, doi: 10.47080/intent.v6i2.3003.
Y. Fauziah et al., “A systematic literature review of 5W1H in manufacturing,” in Proc. 3rd Mercu Buana Conf. Industrial Engineering (MBCIE), Jun. 2021, pp. 220–226.
M. A. Bennett, R. McDermott, and M. Beauregard, The Basics of FMEA. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2017, doi: 10.1201/b16656.
I. Sutisna, “Research statistics: Quantitative research data analysis techniques,” Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://repository.ung.ac.id/get/karyailmiah/4610/Teknik-Analisis-Data-Penelitian-Kuantitatif.pdf
M. Manual, “MODEL 172 SERIES Member of GAMA,” no. December 1996, 2009.