Analisis Analisis Insiden Drone PIXYZ RTK X-245 Skymagic pada Acara Drone Light Show Bundaran HI Tahun Baru 2025

Abstract

Insiden jatuhnya 22 unit drone PiXYZ RTK X-245 pada uji coba Drone Light Show di kawasan Bundaran Hotel Indonesia menjelang Tahun Baru 2025 menyoroti tantangan keselamatan operasi drone massal di wilayah urban padat. Lingkungan perkotaan dengan efek urban canyon dan kepadatan spektrum frekuensi meningkatkan risiko gangguan simultan pada sistem navigasi Real Time Kinematic (RTK) dan komunikasi Command and Control (C2), yang dapat memicu kegagalan sistem berantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis akar penyebab insiden dari aspek teknis, manusia, prosedural, dan lingkungan, serta mengevaluasi keandalan sistem failsafe dan kesesuaian mitigasi risiko terhadap karakteristik operasi urban. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan Root Cause Analysis (RCA) berbasis diagram fishbone, didukung oleh laporan insiden operator, observasi regulator, dokumen mitigasi risiko, analisis teknis sistem, serta data meteorologi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hilangnya RTK dan C2 secara bersamaan dipengaruhi oleh efek multipath GNSS dan interferensi frekuensi pita 2,4 GHz. Selain itu, sistem failsafe belum dilengkapi navigasi alternatif, logika pemulihan bertahap, maupun mekanisme override manual yang memadai. Dokumen mitigasi risiko juga belum mencantumkan analisis spektrum dan simulasi kehilangan sinyal massal yang kontekstual. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa desain failsafe dan mitigasi risiko yang ada belum memadai untuk operasi drone massal di wilayah urban, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan mitigasi adaptif yang selaras dengan regulasi nasional.

The crash of 22 PiXYZ RTK X-245 drones during a Drone Light Show rehearsal at Bundaran Hotel Indonesia prior to the 2025 New Year highlights critical safety challenges in large-scale drone operations within dense urban environments. Urban canyon effects and high radio-frequency congestion increase the risk of simultaneous degradation of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) navigation and Command and Control (C2) communication, potentially triggering cascading system failures. This study aims to analyze the root causes of the incident from technical, human, procedural, and environmental perspectives and to evaluate the reliability of the implemented failsafe system and the adequacy of risk mitigation measures for urban operations. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied using Root Cause Analysis (RCA) with a fishbone diagram, supported by operator incident reports, regulator observations, technical documentation, risk mitigation records, and meteorological data. The results indicate that concurrent RTK and C2 signal loss was primarily driven by GNSS multipath effects and severe interference in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the failsafe system lacked alternative navigation capabilities, progressive recovery logic, and effective manual override mechanisms. Existing risk mitigation documents also failed to include spectrum analysis and mass signal-loss simulations tailored to urban conditions. This study concludes that current failsafe designs and mitigation strategies remain insufficient for safe large-scale drone operations in urban areas, emphasizing the need for adaptive, context-specific mitigation aligned with national regulations.